Kublai was the second son of Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki, and a grandson of Genghis Khan. Kublai's real power was limited to China and Mongolia.
In 1271, Kublai established the Yuan Dynasty, which ruled over present-day Mongolia, China, Korea, and some adjacent areas, and assumed the role of Emperor of China. By 1279, the Yuan forces had overcome the last resistance of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Kublai became the first non-Chinese Emperor to conquer all of China. He was also the only Mongol khan after 1260 to win new conquests.
The summer garden of Kublai Khan at Xanadu is the subject of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1797 poem Kubla Khan. This poem and Marco Polo's earlier book brought Kublai and his achievements to the attention of a wider audience, and today Kublai is a well-known historical figure.
President of Mongolia, Mr Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, has led the way for the death penalty to be abolished in Mongolia from September 2016. He said that the threat of executions does not have a deterrent effect and the risk of a miscarriage of justice is inherent in any system of justice. Lawmakers on Thursday voted in favour of a new Criminal code that abolishes this type of penalty for all crimes, which is a clear victory for human rights. In 2010, the President Ts.Elbegdorj commuted all death sentences and announced a moratorium on all executions. In 2012, Mongolia ratified an international treaty committing the country to the abolition of the death penalty. Amnesty International declared that the countries that continue to execute have been shown a clear path to follow to end this cruel and inhumane punishment. There remain 37 countries worldwide which retain the death penalty, including the United States, C...
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